Cupp v. Murphy

Cupp v. Murphy
Argued March 20, 1973
Decided May 29, 1973
Full case nameCupp, Penitentiary Superintendent v. Daniel Murphy
Citations412 U.S. 291 (more)
93 S. Ct. 2000; 36 L. Ed. 2d 900; 1973 U.S. LEXIS 63
Holding
In view of the station house detention upon probable cause, the very limited intrusion undertaken to preserve highly evanescent evidence was not violative of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments.
Court membership
Chief Justice
Warren E. Burger
Associate Justices
William O. Douglas · William J. Brennan Jr.
Potter Stewart · Byron White
Thurgood Marshall · Harry Blackmun
Lewis F. Powell Jr. · William Rehnquist
Case opinions
MajorityStewart, joined by Burger, White, Marshall, Blackmun, Powell, Rehnquist
ConcurrenceWhite
ConcurrenceMarshall
ConcurrenceBlackmun, joined by Burger
ConcurrencePowell, joined by Burger, Rehnquist
DissentDouglas
DissentBrennan

Cupp v. Murphy, 412 U.S. 291 (1973), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld a murder conviction notwithstanding a challenge that the evidence upon which guilt was based was obtained in violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution. The court held that in view of the station-house detention upon probable cause, the very limited intrusion of scraping the defendant's fingernails for blood and other material, undertaken to preserve highly evanescent evidence, did not violate the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments.

Justice Stewart wrote for the majority. Based on this decision, it is permissible for police officers to conduct a limited search on a defendant when they believe that the defendant is likely to destroy evidence, provided that the search is limited to vindicating the purpose of preserving evidence.