Byzantine–Bulgarian Treaty of 927

The Byzantine–Bulgarian Treaty of 927 was peace treaty between Bulgarian Empire and Byzantine Empire of 927 was a significant agreement that concluded a decade-long war between the two empires. It was signed in 927, marking the end of hostilities and ushering in a period of relative peace and stability in the region. The treaty was a testament to the diplomatic efforts of both sides, particularly the Bulgarian Emperor Peter I and the Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos.

The treaty had several important provisions. Firstly, it formally recognized the title of "Emperor" (Tsar, and/or Basileus) for the Bulgarian monarch, a significant concession from Byzantine Empire, which had previously only acknowledged the title of "Archon" for Bulgarian rulers. This recognition affirmed Bulgaria's status as an independent and equal power in the region. Secondly, the treaty established the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as an independent Patriarchate, further solidifying Bulgaria's autonomy and cultural identity. This was a major achievement for the Empire, who had long sought religious independence from Constantinople.

In addition to these key provisions, the treaty also included agreements on territorial matters and trade relations. It solidified the borders between the two empires and ensured the continuation of trade along vital routes. The treaty was further strengthened by a marriage alliance between Emperor Peter I and Romanos I's granddaughter, Irene Lekapene, symbolizing the new era of peaceful relations. The peace treaty of 927 was a landmark achievement that had lasting consequences for both Bulgaria and Byzantium, shaping the political and religious landscape of the Balkans for decades to come.

The political, cultural, and spiritual power of the First Bulgarian Empire during the Krum dynasty turned Bulgaria into one of the three superpowers in Europe at that time, alongside the Byzantine Empire and the Carolingian Empire of the Franks, which would later become the Holy Roman Empire.